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Bilirubin: Bilirubin is a product of the breakdown of hemoglobin from red blood cells. Bilirubin passes through the liver and is eventually excreted out of the body. Occasionally, higher bilirubin levels may be caused by an increased rate of red blood cell destruction (hemolysis) and can be indicative of liver disease or jaundice.

Alanine Transaminase (ALT): ALT is an enzyme found mostly in the liver. When the liver is damaged, ALT is released into the bloodstream, hence increasing the concentration that can be detected in a blood test. Therefore, high levels of ALT can be indicative of liver damage, alcohol abuse, diabetes, or hepatitis.

Alkaline Phosphate (ALP): ALP is an enzyme found in the liver, bones, kidneys, and digestive system. The highest concentrations of ALP are contained within the tissues that make up the bone and liver. This test can be used as an aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of various liver conditions including liver cancer, cirrhosis, and hepatitis.

Albumin: Albumin is a protein made by the liver. This test is used to check your general health and to see how well your liver and kidneys are working. If your liver is damaged or you are not well nourished, your liver may not make enough albumin.

Globulins: Globulins are a group of 4 types of proteins in blood. Some are made by the liver and some by the immune system. Globulins play an important role in liver function, blood clotting, and fighting infections. The levels of specific globulins provide information about how well your immune system is working. The test can also be used to diagnose disorders of the immune system.

Gamma-GT: Gamma-GT is a liver enzyme. When the liver is injured or the flow of bile is obstructed, the concentration of GGT within the bloodstream rises. It is therefore a useful marker for detecting bile duct problems. High levels of GGT in the blood may be a sign of liver disease or damage to the bile ducts.

Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c): Hemoglobin is the protein molecule in red blood cells with the main function of transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood. HbA1c belongs to the glycated hemoglobin, a fraction formed by the attachment of various sugars to the Hb molecule and is proportional to average blood glucose concentration over the previous four weeks to three months. HbA1c tells you your average blood sugar level over the past 2-3 months. This test is used as an aid for monitoring glycemic control in diabetics. In addition, it can identify people at risk of developing the disease and ongoing monitoring.

Thyroxine (T4): The thyroid gland exerts powerful and essential regulatory influences on growth, differentiation, cellular metabolism, and general hormonal balance, as well as on the maintenance of metabolic activity and the development of the skeletal system. Thyroxine (T4) is the most commonly measured substance assessing thyroid function. It can be used in the monitoring of hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and used as an aid in the functional diagnosis of thyroidea.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is the main regulator of thyroid cell growth, thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion. This test is used as an aid in the screening, clinical diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of thyroid diseases. High or low levels of TSH can indicate that you have an overactive or underactive thyroid.

C-Reactive protein (CRP): Measurement of CRP is useful for the detection and evaluation of infection, tissue injury and inflammatory disorders. Measurement of high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), when used in conjunction with traditional clinical laboratory evaluation of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), may be useful as an independent marker of prognosis for recurrent events in patients with stable coronary disease or Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS).

Sodium: Sodium is a type of electrolyte responsible for maintaining fluid levels and balancing the pH in your body. A sodium blood test is a routine test that may be used to check your general health. It may be used to help find and monitor conditions that affect the balance of fluids, electrolytes, and acidity in your body. Sodium is also essential for proper functioning of your nerves and muscles.

Potassium: Potassium is a type of electrolyte. Electrolytes are electrically charged minerals in your body that help control muscle and nerve activity, maintain fluid levels, and perform other important functions. Your body needs potassium to help your heart and muscles work properly. Potassium levels that are too low may indicate hypokalemia while high levels may indicate hyperkalemia.

Chloride: Chloride is an electrolyte that helps move fluids in and out of your cells. Electrolytes are electrically charged minerals that help control amount of fluid and the balance of acids and bases (pH balance) in your body. Low levels of chloride can suggest dehydration and high levels of chloride may indicate a kidney problem.

Bicarbonate: Bicarbonate is a form of carbon dioxide (CO2) that helps keep your body hydrated with balanced acidity. High or low levels of bicarbonate in your blood mean that the body is having trouble maintaining its acid-base balance, either by failing to remove carbon dioxide through the lungs or the kidneys or perhaps because of an electrolyte imbalance, particularly a deficiency of potassium.

Urea: Urea is the final breakdown product of amino acids. Urea is released into the bloodstream and carried to the kidneys where it is filtered out of the blood and excreted in urine. Most diseases that affect the kidneys or liver can affect the amount of urea present in blood. Urea and creatinine levels are used to evaluate how well the kidneys are working, and to monitor patients with kidney conditions such as those requiring dialysis.

Creatinine: This test is done to see how well your kidneys are working. A creatinine test is a measure of how well your kidneys are performing their job of filtering waste from your blood. Creatinine is a chemical compound left over from energy-producing processes in your muscles. Healthy kidneys filter creatinine out of the blood. Creatinine test is used to measure how well your kidneys filter waste from your blood.

Vitamin D: Vitamin D is essential to maintain overall health and keep bones, teeth and muscles healthy. The test is used to screen for low levels of vitamin D in your blood so you can treat it  before it causes health problems.

Iron: Iron is a mineral required to make red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout your body. If there is a lack of iron, it can lead to iron deficiency anaemia that may cause fatigue and shortness of breath. Iron is also important for healthy muscles, bone marrow, and organ function. Iron levels that are too low or too high can cause health problems.

Ferritin: Ferritin is an iron-storing protein composed of 24 subunits and an iron core containing an average of 2500 Fe3+ ions. This test is an aid in the quantification of human ferritin and in the assessment of diseases affecting iron overload and iron deficiency anemia.

Full Blood Count (FBC): Full Blood Count is a comprehensive test to check for types and number of different cells in your blood. These include red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. This test can detect signs of iron deficiency anaemia, infection, inflammation, or a clotting disorder. This full blood count test gives you an indication of your general health and immune system.

N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP): N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP) is secreted from the left cardiac ventricle in response to volume and pressure overload. It is an inactive N-terminal fragment that splits from BNP pro-hormone. NT-proBNP can be used to evaluate heart contractile, diastolic dysfunction, and ventricular segmental wall motion coordination. Natriuretic peptides are made by your heart. The test is used as an aid in the clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of Heart Failure (HF).

Calcium: A calcium blood test measures the amount of calcium in your blood. This is the most abundant mineral in your body and is responsible for bone and teeth health, and proper functioning of nerves, muscles, and heart. Abnormal calcium levels can reveal parathyroid conditions, vitamins deficiencies and bone disorders. It also helps blood vessels move blood throughout your body and helps release hormones that affect many body functions.

D-Dimer: Deep-vein thrombosis is a common condition, with a lifetime cumulative incidence of 2 to 5 percent. Untreated deep-vein thrombosis can result in pulmonary embolism, a potentially fatal outcome. D-Dimer is a marker of endogenous fibrinolysis and should therefore be detectable in patients with deep-vein thrombosis. The test is used as an aid in the assessment and evaluation of patients suspected of deep-vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.